Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences ? 1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected. 2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants. 3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Butterflies are essential pollinators, so their decline directly hinders the reproduction of various plant species (Statement 1), while also disrupting the food chain for predators like wasps, spiders, and birds that rely on them as a primary food source (Statement 3). Statement 2 is incorrect because there is no established ecological link between butterfly populations and the prevention of fungal infections in plants, making option (d) the most common distractor. The core concept tested is the functional role of a species within an ecosystem, specifically regarding pollination and food web dynamics.