Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
A
Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to material culture.
B
The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
Correct Answer
C
Sangam poems have no reference to warrior ethic.
D
Sangam literature refers to magical forces as irrational.
Explanation
Option (B) is correct because Sangam literature, particularly the *Tolkappiyam*, explicitly mentions social divisions such as *Andanar* (Brahmins), *Arasar* (Kings), *Vaisiyar* (Traders), and *Velalar* (Farmers), indicating an awareness of the Varna system. Option (C) is a common distractor but is incorrect because the "Puram" genre of Sangam poetry is fundamentally centered on a warrior ethic, celebrating military valor and the worship of hero stones (*Viragal*). The core concept being tested is the socio-cultural structure of early South India and the integration of indigenous traditions with Vedic social frameworks.
Ancient Indian HistorySangam Age & LiteratureSangam literatureAncient South IndiaMaterial cultureVarnaSocial classificationWarrior ethicTamil literature