How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) ? 1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government. 2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Statement 2 is correct as it accurately distinguishes the NGT’s role as a specialized judicial body for environmental justice from the CPCB’s technical mandate to improve air and water quality. Statement 1 is incorrect because both are statutory bodies; while the NGT was created by the NGT Act (2010), the CPCB was established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1974), not by an executive order. The core concept being tested is the legal origin and functional jurisdiction of India’s primary environmental regulatory and adjudicatory institutions.