Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds ? 1. Decreased salinity in the river 2. Pollution of groundwater 3. Lowering of the water-table Select the correct answer using the code given below :
A
1 only
B
2 and 3 only
Correct Answer
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Heavy sand mining removes the natural filter and storage medium of the river, leading to groundwater pollution and a lowered water table as the aquifer's recharge capacity is diminished. Statement 1 is incorrect because sand mining typically leads to **increased** salinity, particularly in coastal areas, by facilitating saltwater intrusion into the riverbed. The core concept tested is the hydrological and ecological impact of riverbed degradation on local water systems.
Environmental DegradationImpacts of Sand MiningSand miningRiverbedsGroundwater pollutionWater-tableSalinity