Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds ? 1. Decreased salinity in the river 2. Pollution of groundwater 3. Lowering of the water-table Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Heavy sand mining removes the natural filter and storage medium of the river, leading to groundwater pollution and a lowered water table as the aquifer's recharge capacity is diminished. Statement 1 is incorrect because sand mining typically leads to **increased** salinity, particularly in coastal areas, by facilitating saltwater intrusion into the riverbed. The core concept tested is the hydrological and ecological impact of riverbed degradation on local water systems.