With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar? 1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection. 2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Option (d) is correct because both statements are factually inverted: Jagirdars were assigned land for military service (not judicial duties) and their posts were non-hereditary and transferable, while Zamindars held hereditary rights and often had local administrative and policing obligations. Option (c) is a common trap for those who assume all Mughal land rights were hereditary, failing to recognize that the state kept Jagirs transferable to prevent officials from building local power bases. The core concept tested is the Mughal administrative and land revenue structure, specifically the distinction between the Mansabdari (Jagirdari) and Zamindari systems.