Ecosystems
Mangrove forests
Tropical and subtropical coasts
Where tides, trees and nursery habitats meet.
ExploreCoastal
UPSC PrelimsA little better, every day.World · Climate
Latitude sets the temperature, and the side of the continent sets the rain. That single idea explains the whole map.
Figures show the share of land.
G.C. Leong's climate types drawn from 1991–2020 Köppen-Geiger data. Köppen codes map to Leong's types by rule; Leong's own boundaries are generalised, so the edges here will not match the book's sketch maps exactly. Asia's monsoon lands and northern Australia are grouped as monsoon, as Leong groups them. The boundary of Laurentian and Siberian types is a judgement.
Explore how habitats, species and places fit together. Compare what is easy to confuse, then keep a takeaway for revision.
20 resources · Select up to 3 to compare.
Tropical and subtropical coasts
Where tides, trees and nursery habitats meet.
ExploreShallow coastal and estuarine waters
Underwater flowering plants that build living habitat.
ExploreThe meeting of rivers and the coast
A changing transition between fresh water and the sea.
ExploreHigh Himalayan landscapes
A short growing season and specialised mountain life.
ExploreBrahmaputra valley, Assam
A mosaic shaped by a river's changing water levels.
ExploreHigh mountains of Asia
A predator adapted to steep, cold terrain.
ExploreEastern Himalayan and nearby mountain forests
An arboreal mammal associated with bamboo-rich forests.
ExploreIndia and Nepal
A large herbivore closely associated with lowland grasslands.
ExploreSouth Asian freshwater river systems
A river-adapted mammal, rather than a marine dolphin.
ExploreOdisha · East coast of India
A lagoon where freshwater, brackish and marine influences meet.
ExploreManipur · Northeast India
A lake known for floating mats called phumdis.
ExploreKerala · Southwest coast
A wetland system connecting waterbirds, fisheries and livelihoods.
ExploreAssam · Brahmaputra floodplain
Rhinos, grasslands and the dynamics of a floodplain.
ExploreWest Bengal · Ganges–Brahmaputra delta
A protected part of a much larger tidal mangrove landscape.
ExploreRajasthan · Bharatpur
A managed wetland mosaic important for waterbirds.
ExploreUttarakhand · Western Himalaya
Two contrasting mountain parks in one World Heritage property.
ExploreOcean and coastal ecosystems
Carbon storage linked to healthy coastal habitats.
ExploreCoral reef environments
Stress disrupts the relationship between coral and its algae.
ExploreLakes, estuaries and coastal waters
Follow nutrients through a chain of ecosystem effects.
ExploreLocal to global responses
Two complementary ways to respond to climate change.
Explore