Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience ? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below :
A
1 only
B
1 and 2
C
2 and 3
D
3 only
Correct answer
Explanation
Mangroves are salt-tolerant halophytes, not salt-sensitive, and they neither store freshwater for paddy nor turn coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones, so statements 1 and 2 are wrong. Their real value for climate resilience is in 3: their dense roots absorb the energy of tidal surges, cyclones and tsunamis, acting as natural bio-shields, while supplying fish, fuelwood, honey and other livelihoods to coastal communities.
EcologyCoastal ecosystems: mangrovesMangrovesBio-shieldHalophytesStorm surgeCoastal livelihoods