Rajya Sabha has equal powers with Lok Sabha in

Under Article 368, a Constitutional Amendment Bill must be passed by both Houses independently with a special majority, and since there is no provision for a joint sitting, the Rajya Sabha enjoys equal power with the Lok Sabha. Option (a) is incorrect because the Rajya Sabha has the exclusive power to initiate the creation of new All India Services under Article 312, meaning the powers are unequal rather than equal. This question tests the core concept of the comparative powers and constitutional status of the Rajya Sabha relative to the Lok Sabha.