UPSC 2023EnvironmentModerate

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : According to the United Nations' 'World Water Development Report, 2022', India extracts more than a quarter of the world's groundwater withdrawal each year. Statement-II : India needs to extract more than a quarter of the world's groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world's population living in its territory. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

A
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
B
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
C
Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
Correct Answer
D
Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Explanation

Option (C) is correct because while India indeed extracts more than 25% of the world’s groundwater as per the UN report, nearly 90% of this withdrawal is used for agricultural irrigation rather than drinking water and sanitation. Option (A) is the most tempting wrong choice because the population figure (18%) is factually accurate, but it incorrectly identifies domestic needs as the primary driver for such high extraction levels. The core concept being tested is the sectoral distribution of water usage in India, specifically the overwhelming dominance of the agricultural sector in groundwater depletion.

Water ResourcesGroundwater Extraction & Global Water ReportsUnited NationsWorld Water Development Report 2022Indiagroundwater withdrawalquarter of world's groundwater18% world populationdrinking watersanitation needs

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