Consider the following statements : 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air'. 2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. 3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. 4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A
1 and 3 only
B
2, 3 and 4 only
C
2 and 4 only
Correct Answer
D
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
Statements 2 and 4 are correct because UNCAC is the first legally binding global anti-corruption treaty, and the UNODC is the official body mandated to facilitate the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect because they swap the features of the two conventions: the 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants' is a supplement to UNTOC, while 'Asset Recovery' is a fundamental pillar specific to UNCAC. The core concept being tested is the ability to distinguish between the specific mandates, protocols, and unique legal provisions of major international frameworks governing transnational crime and corruption.
International RelationsUN Conventions on Crime and CorruptionUnited Nations Convention against CorruptionUNCACUnited Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeUNTOCPalermo ProtocolsSmuggling of MigrantsUNODCAsset Recovery