With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events ?

Option (d) is correct because "Ulgulan" (meaning Great Tumult) is the specific historical term for the Munda Rebellion (1899-1900) led by Birsa Munda against British land policies and the exploitation by *dikus* (outsiders). While the Revolt of 1857 (a) was a massive uprising, it is historically identified as the "First War of Independence" or "Sepoy Mutiny" rather than by this specific tribal designation. The core concept tested is the nomenclature and leadership of major tribal resistance movements in colonial India.