In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? 1. Terrace cultivation 2. Deforestation 3. Tropical climate Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Deforestation is a primary cause of soil erosion because the removal of vegetation leaves topsoil vulnerable to being washed away by rain or blown away by wind. Terrace cultivation is actually a soil conservation technique designed to prevent erosion on hilly slopes, which logically eliminates any option containing statement 1. The core concept tested is the distinction between human-induced causes of land degradation and the methods used for soil management and conservation.