Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha? 1. Avanti 2. Gandhara 3. Kosala 4. Magadha Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The Buddha spent the majority of his life preaching in **Kosala** and **Magadha**, where he enjoyed the patronage of contemporary rulers like Prasenajit and Bimbisara. While **Avanti** and **Gandhara** were prominent Mahajanapadas, the Buddha never personally visited them; he declined an invitation to Avanti due to old age and Gandhara was located too far northwest of his primary area of influence in the middle Gangetic plain. This question tests the **geographical extent of the Buddha’s travels** and his direct political associations during the 6th century BCE.