According to India's National Policy on Biofuels, which of the following can be used as raw materials for the production of biofuels ? 1. Cassava 2. Damaged wheat grains 3. Groundnut seeds 4. Horse gram 5. Rotten potatoes 6. Sugar beet Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The National Policy on Biofuels (2018) expanded the scope of raw materials for ethanol production to include starch-heavy items like cassava and rotten potatoes, sugar-containing materials like sugar beet, and damaged food grains like wheat that are unfit for human consumption. Option (d) is the most tempting but incorrect because the policy excludes pulses (horse gram) and edible oilseeds (groundnut seeds) to prevent the diversion of essential food crops and ensure food security. The core concept being tested is the specific list of permitted feedstocks under the 2018 policy, which balances energy needs with the "food vs. fuel" debate.