With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements : 1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials. 2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. 3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies. Which of the statements given above are correct ?
A
1 and 2 only
B
2 and 3 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
Explanation
Option (d) is correct because PFAS are "forever chemicals" with exceptionally strong carbon-fluorine bonds that resist environmental degradation, leading to widespread contamination of food and water sources and significant bioaccumulation in living organisms. Options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect because they overlook the interconnected nature of these substances; their lack of degradation (Statement 2) is precisely what causes their ubiquity (Statement 1) and accumulation in tissues (Statement 3). The core concept tested is the environmental persistence and toxicological profile of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Environmental Pollution & DegradationChemical Pollutants (PFAS)PFASForever chemicalsBioaccumulationDrinking waterConsumer products