With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/are the essential element/elements of the feudal system? 1. A very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority 2. Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land 3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The correct answer is (B) because feudalism is fundamentally characterized by an administrative structure rooted in land grants and a hierarchical lord-vassal relationship based on personal loyalty and service. Statement 1 is incorrect because feudalism inherently involves political decentralization and the fragmentation of power, resulting in a weak central authority and strong local or provincial lords. This question tests the core concept of the socio-political and economic features of Indian Feudalism during the early medieval period.