The 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the

The Swadeshi and Boycott methods were first formally adopted during the agitation against the Partition of Bengal in 1905, following the Boycott Resolution passed at the Calcutta Town Hall. While the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) also utilized these strategies on a pan-India scale, they originated specifically as a response to Lord Curzon’s decision to divide Bengal. This question tests the chronological origin of mass mobilization techniques and the evolution of protest strategies within the Indian National Movement.