With reference to the Genetically Modified mustard (GM mustard) developed in India, consider the following statements: 1. GM mustard has the genes of a soil bacterium that give the plant the property of pest-resistance to a wide variety of pests. 2. GM mustard has the genes that allow the plant cross-pollination and hybridization. 3. GM mustard has been developed jointly by the IARI and Punjab Agricultural University. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement 2 is correct because DMH-11 (GM mustard) utilizes the Barnase-Barstar gene system from soil bacteria to induce male sterility, which allows for cross-pollination and the creation of high-yielding hybrids in a naturally self-pollinating crop. Statement 1 is the most tempting error as it confuses GM mustard with Bt crops; unlike Bt cotton, GM mustard is designed for hybridization and yield enhancement, not for resistance to a wide variety of pests. Statement 3 is also incorrect because the crop was developed by the Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants (CGMCP) at Delhi University, not IARI or PAU. The core concept tested is the specific functional application and institutional origin of India's indigenously developed transgenic food crops.