With reference to recent developments regarding 'Recombinant Vector Vaccines', consider the following statements : 1. Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines. 2. Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Both statements are correct because recombinant vector vaccines use genetic engineering to insert the genetic material of a target pathogen into a harmless carrier, which can be either a virus (like Adenovirus) or a bacterium (like attenuated *Salmonella*). Option (a) is the most tempting wrong choice as candidates often associate vectors exclusively with viruses due to high-profile COVID-19 vaccines, overlooking the established use of bacterial vectors in clinical research. The core concept being tested is the application of biotechnology and recombinant DNA technology in modern vaccine delivery systems.